University of Tehran
Iranian Economic Review
1026-6542
2588-6096
10
13
2005
04
01
Regional Trade Integration and Spatial Effects in the Euro Mediterranean Zone
1
14
EN
Mozhgan
Moallemi
0000-0003-3826-1807
Faculty of Administrative Sciences and Economics, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
moallemy_m@yahoo.com
Shekofeh
Farahmand
Faculty of Administrative Sciences and Economics, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
10.22059/ier.2005.30836
Regional Integration,International Trade Flows, Gravity Model,The Euro-Mediterranean Countries,Contiguity and Spatial Effects
https://ier.ut.ac.ir/article_30836.html
https://ier.ut.ac.ir/article_30836_aaba1e56b71b6aa638584b8678e50c39.pdf
University of Tehran
Iranian Economic Review
1026-6542
2588-6096
10
13
2005
04
01
Plan & Planning in Iran
15
42
EN
10.22059/ier.2005.30837
The present article studies and analyses plan and planning in Iran with respect to parameters of the idea of formation, birth, objectives, strategy and its functioning. Iran has half-a-century record of planning, and has implemented 7 constructional and developmental plans so far (5 plans before and 2 plans after the Revolution). Right now, Iran is implementing her third developmental plan. Two 7-year first and second plans have not been implemented comprehensively without any objective of quantitative development, but only in the form of a complex projects upon the framework of indices of resource allocation. Before the Revolution the Third, Fourth and Fifth Plans were achieved with an average annual growth of 8.5, 13.1 and 16.3 per cent in gross national product. Following the Revolution, Iran had no planning for 11 years (1978-1989). The First Developmental Plan (1989-1993) which had been prepared and implemented with the objective of reconstruction, water, electricity, gas and service sectors had a considerable growth but the rest of the sectors did not achieve the pre-determined objectives. The Second Developmental Plan was prepared and implemented with the objective of social justice and increase in productivity. The results were a significant growth in building sector but other sectors did not achieve their respective objectives. On one side, regional planning and development appeared from the Second Development Plan onwards in Iran before 1979 and special attention has been paid to the regional development plan in the two plans of the post-revolution. Iranian Development plans before and after the revolution was dependent on oil incomes and couldn’t afford to balance national income among the ten groups of the population.
https://ier.ut.ac.ir/article_30837.html
https://ier.ut.ac.ir/article_30837_27e5fcc1457351625bb98513cc78bd11.pdf
University of Tehran
Iranian Economic Review
1026-6542
2588-6096
10
13
2005
04
01
Applying Fuzzy Logic to the Estimation of Environmental Degradation Trends in Iran
43
64
EN
10.22059/ier.2005.30838
During recent years several attempts have been made to incorporate environmental and natural resources degradation into national accounts. GNP as measured by the traditional system of national accounts does not consider environmental degradation caused by inefficient exploitation of natural resources. While the complete omission of environmental impacts is not possible, there could be an optimal level of environmental degradation. However, environmental degradation cannot be quantified easily. Therefore, there is a need for a different approach to estimate the level of environmental degradation so that it can be accounted for in the GNP. In such cases where sufficient data are not available, especially for the past, the fuzzy logic method is practical. This paper applies the fuzzy set theory to estimate the trends of environmental degradation in Iran in the period 1959-1998.
https://ier.ut.ac.ir/article_30838.html
https://ier.ut.ac.ir/article_30838_66fb701ecdd4f8d30c4836d579b2518b.pdf
University of Tehran
Iranian Economic Review
1026-6542
2588-6096
10
13
2005
04
01
Modeling the Impact of News on volatility The Case of Iran
65
84
EN
10.22059/ier.2005.30839
In this paper various ARCH models and relevant news impact curves including a partially nonparametric (PNP) one are compared and estimated with daily Iran stock return data. Diagnostic tests imply the asymmetry of the volatility response to news. The EGARCH model, which passes all the tests and appears relatively matching with the asymmetry in the data, seems to be the most adequate characterization of the underlying data generating process. The PNP model successfully reveals the shape of the news impact curve and is a useful approach to modeling conditional heteroskedasticity.
https://ier.ut.ac.ir/article_30839.html
https://ier.ut.ac.ir/article_30839_2839004ea37b5022d9087ac242bfc657.pdf
University of Tehran
Iranian Economic Review
1026-6542
2588-6096
10
13
2005
04
01
The Role of Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA) between Iran and Malaysia their Intra industry Trade (IIT)
85
105
EN
10.22059/ier.2005.30840
https://ier.ut.ac.ir/article_30840.html
https://ier.ut.ac.ir/article_30840_abb60b84d9ca3aaa64a94cb5145f962c.pdf
University of Tehran
Iranian Economic Review
1026-6542
2588-6096
10
13
2005
04
01
-An Empirical & Theoretical Study About the Effects of Tariff on Economic Growth
105
135
EN
10.22059/ier.2005.30841
https://ier.ut.ac.ir/article_30841.html
https://ier.ut.ac.ir/article_30841_b18712c4b8ba388bb1b3407ba8381d03.pdf
University of Tehran
Iranian Economic Review
1026-6542
2588-6096
10
13
2005
04
01
Application of the linear Differential Equations on the Plane and Elements of Nonlinear Systems, In Economics
135
150
EN
10.22059/ier.2005.30842
In recent years, it has become increasingly important to incorporate explicit dynamics in economic analysis. <br />These two tools that mathematicians have developed, differential equations and optimal control theory, are probably the most basic for economists to analyze dynamic problems. <br />In this paper I will consider the linear differential equations on the plane (phase diagram) and elements of nonlinear systems, when we have unequal real roots of the same signs and opposite signs of characteristic roots, and the applications of the theory of differential equations to certain macroeconomic problems. The basic tools for discussion are phase diagram techniques.
https://ier.ut.ac.ir/article_30842.html
https://ier.ut.ac.ir/article_30842_009aff058b96ebeebc414a82d10e6daa.pdf
University of Tehran
Iranian Economic Review
1026-6542
2588-6096
10
13
2005
04
01
Size, Fragmentation, and Inefficiency: A Single-Stage Stochastic Parametric Approach for Wheat Production in Iran
151
163
EN
10.22059/ier.2005.30843
Although studies on the relation between size and efficiency are ample, studies on the relation between size, fragmentation, and efficiency are limited. It is the purpose of this study in which a single-stage stochastic parametric approach is used. For this purpose production of wheat in Iran is a good case because wheat is the core commodity of the Iranian agricultural system which is dominated by small and fragmented family farms. The data comes from a survey of wheat producers in West Azarbaijan province, a major agricultural region, located in the north-west of Iran, in which around 50 percent of the lands under annual crops is allocated to wheat, almost the same proportion as in the whole country. Mean size of farmland in the sample was 2.2 hectares (10,000 meters) ranging from 0.3 to 12 hectares; mean number of plots of land was 1.7 ranging from I to 7 plots. It was found that mean technical efficiency was 63.4 percent ranging from 11.6 to 95.1 percent. Significant inverse relation between total costs of inputs, as index of size, and positive relation between number of plots of land, as index of fragmentation, and technical inefficiency were found.
https://ier.ut.ac.ir/article_30843.html
https://ier.ut.ac.ir/article_30843_f9491ca92182b7bfe0d86a686f9fe40d.pdf
University of Tehran
Iranian Economic Review
1026-6542
2588-6096
10
13
2005
04
01
Fiscal Sustainability in Iran: Assessing the Period of 1342- 1380
163
188
EN
10.22059/ier.2005.30844
Budget deficit constitutes a major fiscal indicator. It has major important ramification on macro-economic position of all nations. In developing countries generally, and in Iran specifically, governments are likely to spend more on miscellaneous as well as differentiated obligations causing high expenditure costs with respect to their limited revenues. This causes a budget deficit to incur. The Iranian officials traditionally have regarded the oil revenue as an income item in budget statement and, generally, use a fraction of this revenue as current expenditure. Looking into this issue, the article analyzes the government’s inter-temporal budget with some adjustment and interpretation. The empirical findings suggest that the country has not been in a sustainable path during the sample period. This article arrives at the conclusion that the Iranian fiscal stance with respect to the future generations is non- stationary and that the fiscal authorities would not be able to repay the incurred debts to the future generations and that the central government is in fact vulnerable, viz., involved with insolvency conditions.
https://ier.ut.ac.ir/article_30844.html
https://ier.ut.ac.ir/article_30844_19c249992a231e076949a021f95ce459.pdf
University of Tehran
Iranian Economic Review
1026-6542
2588-6096
10
13
2005
04
01
An Application of the Stochastic Optimal Control Algorithm (OPTCON) to the Public Sector Economy of Iran
189
210
EN
10.22059/ier.2005.30845
In this paper we first describe the stochastic optimal control algorithm called ((OPTCON)). The algorithm minimizes an intertemporal objective loss function subject to a nonlinear dynamic system in order to achieve optimal value of control (or instrument) variables. Second as an application, we implemented the algorithm by the statistical programming system ((GAUSS)) to determine the optimal fiscal policy for Iran during the third development plan (1383 — 1379). The obtained results show that under optimal fiscal policies, the rate of economic growth and current account balance proposed in the third development plan will be achieved. Based of the findings having found compatible results therefore the determination of optimal macroeconomic policies for the Iran’s forth development plan is suggested.
https://ier.ut.ac.ir/article_30845.html
https://ier.ut.ac.ir/article_30845_75c53c65fb86bb524dafd7f6b0a83de7.pdf