TY - JOUR ID - 73493 TI - Which Countries are Catching up? New Evidences Using Flexible Fourier Stationary Test JO - Iranian Economic Review JA - IER LA - en SN - 1026-6542 AU - Ranjbar, Omid AU - Elmi, Zahra (Mila) AD - Trade promotion organization AD - Faculty of Economics, University of Mazandaran. Y1 - 2013 PY - 2013 VL - 17 IS - 3 SP - 53 EP - 80 KW - Keywords: Convergence Hypothesis KW - Catching up Hypothesis KW - Time Series Model KW - Flexible Fourier Stationary Test DO - 10.22059/ier.2013.73493 N2 - In this paper, we tested the catching-up hypothesis toward the USA using Becker et al. (2006) flexible Fourier KPSS stationary test over the period 1960-2009. The mentioned test could control for unknown number and form of structural breaks using a selected frequency component of a Fourier function. Our results show almost poor countries stay poor and almost rich countries stay rich. South Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, India, Malaysia, and China could escape lag deadlock and countries like Central African Republic, Congo, Cote d`Ivoire, the Gambia, Guinea, Haiti, Kenya, Rwanda, and Senegal diverged from the USA and moved into the poverty trap.   UR - https://ier.ut.ac.ir/article_73493.html L1 - https://ier.ut.ac.ir/article_73493_0b4189e6779a80278aa8c9da747a1378.pdf ER -