University of Tehran Iranian Economic Review 1026-6542 30 1 2026 03 31 Evaluating the Economic Prerequisites of Environmental Risk in the International Hamoun Wetland: A Fuzzy SAW and GRA Approach 319 343 96573 10.22059/ier.2024.367195.1007832 EN Mahboubeh Oveisi Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran. Ali Sardar Shahraki Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran. Mahmood Hashemitabar Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran. Mahmood MohhamadGhasemi Department of Economic, Social and Extension Research, Sistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Zabol, Iran. Journal Article 2023 10 28 A primary component of nature is wetlands, which are of special ecological and environmental importance and are valuable for people in different aspects. On the other hand, environmental risk assessment is an important instrument to identify and manage the environment and alleviate environmental damage in order to reduce the adverse results for achieving sustainable development. The present research aimed to evaluate and rank the environmental risks of the International Hamoun Wetland in the Sistan region using fuzzy simple additive weighting (fuzzy SAW) and grey relational analysis (GRA). The research was conducted by the survey method using a questionnaire by which 50 experts from the Regional Agriculture and Natural Resources Organization were interviewed. Based on the ranking by the fuzzy SAW method, the economic factor received the highest score of 4.91, followed by the cultural, biological, and social factors. The GRA results also ranked the economic factor at the top with a final weight of 0.62, followed by the cultural, biological, and social factors in the next ranks. The local communities and the Department of Environment are recommended to cooperate for the protection and restoration of the Hamoun Wetland in order to restore balance to this wetland using the Comprehensive Hamoun Management Program. https://ier.ut.ac.ir/article_96573_b2669f99a05c97a394f1eb52b9a870db.pdf