University of TehranIranian Economic Review1026-6542101220050101The Growth Dynamism in the Islamic Countries1203093110.22059/ier.2005.30931ENZahraAfshariFaculty of Economics, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-5008-5696ElhamForoughi PourFaculty of Economics, Alzahra University, Tehran, IranImanSheibaniFaculty of Economics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, IranJournal Article20151130This paper has examined the phenomenon of convergence of per capita out put levels across the IC countries for the 1960-1998 periods. Three concepts of convergence, i.e., sigma beta and relative beta, have been used. The estimated beta values reveals only a very weak convergence (?=.0014) across IC for 1960-1998 period. But when a more homogeneous group of countries were selected, the results somehow improved the estimated beta value for PECs ? was .005. The sigma values reveal that the per capita out-put decreases across IC had an increasing trend over the 1950-1998 periods. It means that the poorer members did not demonstrate strong output convergence for the full or part of the period. For SAARC the output variation revealed a diminishing trend, but for the OPEC countries it showed an increasing trend. The results of relative convergence (toward the countries steady state position) reveal that only for 15 countries the convergence hypothesis is confirmed. The average speed of convergence was .33. The results provide a weak evidence of convergence across the IC, it means more attempt in various fields of cooperation: political, economic, cultural, social and scientific, is required to meet the OIC goals.University of TehranIranian Economic Review1026-6542101220050101The Dynamics of Innovation and Governance Of Economic Growth21443093210.22059/ier.2005.30932ENSaeidH. KashaniDepartment of Economics, French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Paris, FranceJournal Article20151130Innovation ability plays an important role in economic growth not only in under- developed countries, but also in developed countries, especially when markets are in recession. In this paper, we analyzed changes in major developments in the context of innovation capacity and the causality relation between innovation and its sources through an empirical study based on the automotive subcontractor network, which has experienced a number of architectural innovations. We showed that most of innovation sources (information sharing, organizational size, investment in R&D, and knowledge volume) are the accelerators or “effects” rather than the stimulators or "causes" of innovation.University of TehranIranian Economic Review1026-6542101220050101The Welfare Cost of Inflation: Theory with an Application of Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) to Iran45623093310.22059/ier.2005.30933ENAhmadJafari SamimiFaculty of Economics, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, IranVahidTaghinezhad OmranFaculty of Economics, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, IranJournal Article20151130University of TehranIranian Economic Review1026-6542101220050101The Survey of Economic Convergence and Spillover Effects between EU and Mediterranean Countries: a Spatial Econometric Perspective63843093410.22059/ier.2005.30934ENNematollahAkbariFaculty of Administrative Sciences and Economics, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, IranShekofehFarahmandFaculty of Administrative Sciences and Economics, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, IranJournal Article20151130University of TehranIranian Economic Review1026-6542101220050101Consumption Distribution in Iran: A Statistical Overview851023093510.22059/ier.2005.30935ENVahidMahmoudiFaculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20151130This paper contains the main results concerning the evaluation of the consumption distribution of Iran in terms of <br />levels, shape, inequality and social welfare for the years 1989 and 1994. The results show that the shape of consumption distribution in Iran is showed to the right and there is a large gap between the average level of consumption in rural and urban areas. Inequality in Iran is relatively high and there were no significant changes in inequality in the whole country during the Islamic Republic’s first five-year plan (1989-1994). This estimates for the whole country masks a decrease in quality of urban area and an increase in rural areas.University of TehranIranian Economic Review1026-6542101220050101Poverty in Pakistan1031263093610.22059/ier.2005.30936ENFaisalMehmood MirzaGovernment College University Lahore (GCUL), Lahore, PakistanJournal Article20151130The paper in the study of poverty in Pakistan is aimed at the analysis of macroeconomic determinants of poverty. It reviews the empirical literature on poverty in Pakistan over the last thirty years. The literature varies from published research papers to the different reports produced by the national and the international institutions. It also estimates the impact of different causes of poverty like growth rate, inflation, development expenditures, defense expenditures, foreign remittances, foreign investment, foreign aid etc. through the data made available by economic survey of Pakistan, fifty years of Pakistan statistics and the world development indicators. The paper also gives the policy recommendations on the social safety nets like micro finance and Zakat and education, health and housing facilities through which poverty can be eradicated from the country.University of TehranIranian Economic Review1026-6542101220050101A Study of Factors Influencing Demand For Travel to Iran1271423093710.22059/ier.2005.30937ENMaysamMousaeiFaculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20151130In this paper the factors having influence on travel demand to Iran are paper explored. The hypothesis of the research specifies the variable of “domestic upheavals and insecurity” as the most significant obstacle to expansion of the demand for travel to Iran. To test the above hypothesis, first several demand models that have been proposed to study demand for tourism in different countries, are briefly reviewed, and then in a macro model the function of demand for travel to Iran is estimated using econometrics methods. The substantial finding is that, at the present time, the low demand for travel to Iran is not due to insufficient infrastructures and facilities, in regard to accommodations and transportation, but it is the element of “insecurity” that is the most significant hindrance to the demand growth for travel to Iran. Hence, to increase the travel demand to Iran and eliminate the present impediments, alongside economic solutions, it is necessary to elevate the security related obstacles.University of TehranIranian Economic Review1026-6542101220050101The Influence of Trade Openness the Economic Growth of Former Soviet Union Countries1431703093810.22059/ier.2005.30938ENAbolghasemMahdaviFaculty of Economics, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJahangirShamsievFaculty of Economics, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20151130This paper tries to test the relationship between trade openness and economic growth in Former Soviet Union countries after their independence in 1991. It has become an article of faith in most economic and political circles that opening up the economy to international trade will produce substantial benefits in terms of greater consumer choice and higher living standards. Higher productivity is expected to be realized through competitive pressure and through opportunity to specialize in production activities where countries have comparative advantage or they can gain from economies of scale. <br />The paper has investigated the trade regimes in Former Soviet Union countries after breaking apart and has used the statistical data to test the hypothesis that free trade through its special mechanisms positively affects the economic growth of these countries Because of the lack of sufficient statistical data the Panel data method is used to test the relationship in this cross-coumry analysis.