The Impacts of Population Change and Economic Growth on Carbon Emissions in Nigeria

Authors

1 Department of Physical Sciences, University of Landmark, Nigeria

2 Department of Physical Sciences, University of Landmark, Omu-Aran, Nigeria

Abstract

T





he main aim of this study is to investigate the impacts of population total, gross domestic product per capita, urbanization rate and energy use on carbon emissions in Nigeria for a period of 1981-2015 using autoregressive distributed lag approach to co-integration (ARDL). The empirical results revealed evidence of a long run relationship among the variables. The generalized ridge regression was used to correct the presence of multicollinearity among the explanatory variables in the long-run. Results show that population total, gross domestic product per capita, urbanization rate and energy use have a positive impact on carbon emissions. Energy use and urbanization both contributed significantly to increasing carbon emissions in the long and short run respectively. Considering the fact that the factors investigated in this study are of the increasing trend in this nation there is a need to implement policies to curb the increasing rate of carbon emissions in Nigeria.
 

Keywords

References

Arowolo, O. T., Lukman, A. F., & Ayinde, K. (2016). A Comparative Study of Some Methods of Handling Multicollinearity in Autocorrelated Error. African Journal of Science and Technology (AJST) Science and Engineering Series, 13(2), 68-72.
Building Nigeria’s Response to Climate Change Project (2011). National Adaptation Strategy and Plan of Action on Climate Change for Nigeria (NASPA-CCN), BNRCC. Retrieved from
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download;jsessionid=27C7F6A7FD5FCAAD495C69457F2C5F7D?doi=10.1.1.367.6707&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
CIA World Fact book. (2015). Algeria Economy 2015. Retrieved from  
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-World-Factbook/geos/Ag.HTML
Cole, M. A., & Neumayer, E. (2004). Examining the impact of demographic factors on air pollution. Population and Development Review, 2(1), 5-21.
Druckman, A., & Jackson, T. (2009). The Carbon Footprint of UK Households 1990-2004: a Socio-economically Disaggregated, Quasi-multi-regional Input-output Model. Ecological Economics, 68, 2066-2077.
Engelman, R. (1994). Stabilizing the Atmosphere: Population, Consumption, and Greenhouse Gases. Population Action International: Washington, DC.
Hossain, S. (2012). An Econometric Analysis for CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption, Economic Growth, Foreign Trade and Urbanization of Japan. Low Carbon Economy, 3(3A), 92-105.
Jiang, L., & Hardee, K. (2011). How do Recent Population Trends Matter to Climate Change? Population Action International, 30(2), 287-312.
Jong-Chao, Y., & Chih-Hsiang, L. (2017). Impact of Population and Economic Growth on Carbon Emissions in Taiwan Using an Analytic Tool STIRPAT. Sustainable Environment Research, 27, 41-48.
Kaygusuz, K. (2009). Energy and Environmental Issues Relating to Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Sustainable Development in Turkey. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13(1), 253–270.
Li, T., Wang, Y., & Zhao, D. (2016). Environmental Kuznets Curve in China: New Evidence from Dynamic Panel Data. Energy Policy, 91, 138-147.
Liddle, B., & Lung, S. (2010). Age-structure, Urbanization, and Climate Change in Developing Countries: Revisiting STIRPAT for Disaggregated Population and Consumption-related Environmental Impacts. Population and Environment, 31(5), 317-343.
London School of Economics and Political Science. (2013). National Policy on Climate Change: Executive, Mitigation and Adaptation Framework. Retrieved from 
http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/law/national-policy-on-climate-change-2/.
Lukman, A. F., &Ayinde, K. (2017). Review and Classifications of the Ridge Parameter Estimation Techniques. Hacetteppe Journal of Mathematics and Statistics, 46(5), 953-967.
Morales-Lage, R., Martinez-Zarzoso, I., & Bengochea-Morancho, A. (2006). The Impact of Population on CO2 Emissions: Evidence from European Countries. Environmental and Resource Economics, 44, 497-512.
 
 
Muhammad, S., Faridul, L., & Muhammad, S. (2011). Financial Development, Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions: Evidence from ARDL Approach for Pakistan. MPRA Paper, 43272, Retrieved from https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/30138/.
New Climate Institute. (2015). National Policy on Climate Change Nigeria 2013. Retrieved from 
http://www.climatepolicydatabase.org/index.php?title=National_Policy_on_Climate_Change_Nigeria_2013.
Olivier, J. G. J, Janssens-Maenhout, G., Muntean, M., & Peters, J. (2015). Trends in Global CO2 Emissions. 2015 Report, Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency PBL, 1803, Retrieved from https://www.pbl.nl/en/.
Panayotou, T. (2000). Economic Growth and the Environment. Harvard University, Environment and Development Paper, 4, Retrieved from https://dash.harvard.edu/.
---------- (1993). Empirical Tests and Policy Analysis of Environmental Degradation at Different Stages of Economic Development. Working Paper WP238 Technology and Employment Programme, Geneva: International Labor Office.
Poumanyvong, P., & Kaneko, S. (2010). Does Urbanization Lead to Less Energy Use and Lower CO2 Emissions? A Cross-country analysis. Ecological Economics, 70(2), 434-444.
Qin, Z., & Xishe, P. (2012). The Impacts of Population Change on Carbon Emissions in China during 1978-2008. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 36, 1-8.
Satterthwaite, D. (2009). Implications of Population Growth and Urbanization for Climate Change. Expert-Group Meeting on Population Dynamics and Climate Change, UNFPA and IIED, 24-25th June.
Shi, A. (2003). The Impact of Population Pressure on Global Carbon Dioxide Emissions, 1975-1996: Evidence from Cross-country Data. Ecological Economics, 44(1), 29-42.
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. (2015). Nigeria’s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution, UNFCC. Retrieved from 
http://www4.unfccc.int/submissions/INDC/Published%20Documents/Nigeria/1/Approved%20Nigeria’s%20INDC_271115.pdf.
Wang, S. J., Li, Q. Y. , Fang, C. L., & Zhou, C. S. (2016). The Relationship between Economic Growth, Energy Consumption, and CO2 Emissions: Empirical Evidence from China. Science of Total Environment, 542, 360-371.
World Bank. (2017). World Development Indicators. Retrieved from http:// www.databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?source=worlddevelopment-indicators.
Zhu, Q., & Peng, X. (2012). The Impacts of Population Change on Carbon Emissions in China during 1978 and 2008. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 36, 1-8.
Iranian Economic Review
Volume 23, Issue 3
July 2019
Pages 715-731

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics