A Proposed Mechanism for the Iranian Model of Kidney Donation (A Comparison of the Iranian and Roth’s Models)

Authors

1 Faculty of Economics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Economics, Mofid University, Qom, Iran

Abstract

Optimal resource allocation by means of the price mechanism is one of the main duties of the economics. Optimum allocation is sometimes realized not through the price mechanism, but via assignment algorithms due to an insufficient number of agents on either side of the exchange. Facing the same problem, the kidney market may be considered as a type of market failure that calls for market design. Indeed, such design is regarded as a solution to the problem. Although the current model of organ transplants for non-relative living donors in Iran brings patients certain benefits, it suffers from serious weaknesses that require revisions. The present study aims to analyze the kidney market using a matching theory which is a subset of market design. Then a model is developed in a test market for the research sample in Hamadan Province in 2015. Eventually, recommendations are made to modify the Iranian model of kidney donation. Despite Roth’s model, the proposed model is based on two-sided matching. In this regard, information on 40 kidney suppliers and demanders were recorded in a clearinghouse. Subsequently, agents’ preferences on either side of the market (i.e. patients and donors) were ranked based on blood-type, tissue, duration of disease, age, and gender compatibility. Applying the proposed model to the research sample, the results showed that 19 out of 20 pairs gained access to stable allocations.
 

Keywords


Abdulkadiroglu, A., Parag, A., Pathak, A., & Alvin, E. R. (2009). Strategy-proofness versus Efficiency in Matching with Indifferences: Redesigning the NYC High School Match. America Economic Review, 5(99), 1954–1978.
 
Ashlagi, I., & Alvin, E. R. (2012) New Challenges in Multi-hospital Kidney Exchange. American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings, 3(102), 354-359.
 
Gale, D., & Shapely, L. S. (1962). College Admissions and the Stability of Marriage. The American Mathematical Monthly, 69, 9-15.
 
Ghods A. J., Ossareh, S., & Savaj, S. (2001). Results of renal transplantation of the Hashemi Nejad Kidney Hospital–Tehran. Retrieved from https://europepmc.org/abstract/med/11512314.
 
Ghods A. J., Savaj, S., & Khosravani, P. (2000). Adverse Effect of a Controlled Living Unrelated Donor Renal Transplant Program on Living Related and Cadaveric Kidney Donation. Transplant, 32(3), 541- 551.
 
Ghods, A. J., & Savaj, S. (2006). Iranian Model of Paid and Regulated Living-Unrelated Kidney Donation. Clinical Journal of American Society of Nephrology, 1(6), 1136-1145.
 
Ghods, A. J. (2002). Renal Transplantation in Iran. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 17, 222–228.
 
Layard, P. R.G., & Walters, A. A. (1987). Microeconomic Theory. New York: McGraw Hill.
 
Mahdavi-Mazdeh, M. (2012). The Iranian Model of Living Renal Transplantation. Kidney International, 82, 627–634.
 
Molabeigi, J., Ebadi, J., Elāhi, N., & Amir Zargar, M. A. (2017). Designing a Mechanism for Kidney Exchange in Iran. Quarterly Journal of Applied Economics Studies in Iran (AESI), 6(24), 95-123.
 
Molabeigi, J., & Ebadi, J. (2017). Mechanism Design for Kidney Exchange in Iran (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Mofid, Tehran.
 
Pajouhi, A., Zahedi, F., Pajouhi, Z., & Larijani, B. (2014). Paid Living Kidney Transplantation in Iran: Rethinking the Challenges. American Journal of Bioethics, 4, 40-42.
 
Pondrom, S. (2008). Is the Iranian Paid Donation Model a Success or Not? American Journal of Transplantation, 8(3), 477-478.
 
Rapaport, F. T. (1986). The Case for a Living Emotionally Related International Kidney Donor Exchange Registry. Transplant Procedure, 18, 5-9.
 
Roth, A. E., Sönmez, T., & Ünver, M. U. (2005). Pairwise Kidney Exchange. Journal of Economic Theory, 125(2), 151-188.‏ ‏ ‏ ‏
 
 
 
 
Roth, A. E. (2012). The Theory and Practice of Market Design. Retrieved from
https://bayanbox.ir/view/6646157809221867346/Roth-Shapley-920803.pdf.
 
---------- (2000). Game Theory as a Tool for Market Design. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
 
Roth, A. E., & Peranson, E. (1999). The Redesign of the Matching Market for American Physicians: Some Engineering Aspects of Economic Design. American Economic Review, 89(4), 748-779.
 
Roth, A. E., Sönmez, T., & Ünver, M. U. (2007). Efficient Kidney Exchange‏ Coincidence of Wants in Markets with Compatibility-Based Preferences. American Economic Review, 97(3), 828-851.‏
 
Roth, A. E., & Sotomayor, M. (1992). Two Sided Matching. Handbook of Game Theory with Economic Applications. North Holland: Elsevier. ‏‏
Roth, A. E. (1991). Game Theory as a Part of Empirical Economics. The Economic Journal, 101(404), 107-114.‏
 
Saidman, S. L., Roth, A. E., Sonmez, T. M., Unver, U., & Delmonico, F. L. (2006). Increasing the Opportunity of Live Kidney Donation By Matching for Two and Three Way Exchanges. Transplantation, 81, 773-782.
Simforoosh, N., Basiri, A., & Tabibi, A. (2014). Laparoscopic Donor Nephrectomy an Iranian Model for Developing Countries: A Cost-effective No-rush Approach. Retrieved from
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/74cd/e06f3783450e0c7613aee69ef6b290b07acd.pdf.
 
Simforoosh, N., Bassiri, A., & Amiransari, B. (1992). Living-unrelated Renal Transplantation. Transplant Procedure, 24, 2421-2422.
Toulis, P., & Parkes, D. (2010). A Random Graph Model of Kidney Exchanges Optimality and Incentives. Working Paper, Retrieved from www.cs.toronto.edu/~eidan/papers/ec11-ptoulis-parkes.pdf‏.