Determining the Efficiency of Economic Tourism Industry in Chabahar Free Zone by Using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Method

Authors

1 Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran

2 Department of Human Resource Management, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran

Abstract

B





asically, many developed and developing countries need to expand tourism activities for accessing to the goals of national economic development and attracting foreign funds, therefore evaluating the efficiency of tourism industry can have significant help in recognizing the existed tourism potentials. The Chabahar zone in spite of numerous potential abilities in attracting domestic and foreign tourists and despite the fact that it is known as one of the important poles of tourism in Iran, but it is not so successful in attracting tourists. The present research has been provided to access the efficiency of the tourism industry in this area. For analyzing the information, the Data Envelopment Analysis Method (DEA) have been used. According to the results, the technical, management and scale efficiencies are 0.58, 0.69 and 0.84 percent respectively. It is suggested to strengthen the marketing, advertising and doing appropriate transportation infrastructure by employing manpower and efficient and expert management.
 

Keywords


Anderson, R. I., Fish, M., Xia, Y., & Michello, F. (1999). Measuring Efficiency in the Hotel Industry: A Stochastic Frontier Approach. Hospitality Management, 18, 15-57.
 
Banker, R. D., Chanes, A., & Cooper, W. (1984). Some Models for Estimating Technical and Scale Efficiency in Data Envelopment Analysis. Management Science, 30(9), 1078-1092.
 
Banker, R. D., & Morey, R. C. (1986). Efficiency Analysis for Exogenously Fixed Inputs and Outputs. Operations Research, 34(4), 513-521.
 
Barros, C. P. (2005). Evaluating the Efficiency of a Small Hotel Chain with a Malmquist Productivity Index. International Journal of Tourism Research, 7, 173-184.
 
Barros, C. P., Botti, L., Peypoch, N., Robinot, E., Solonandrasana, B., & Assaf, A. (2011). Performance of French Destinations: Tourism Attraction Perspectives. Tourism Management, 32, 456-477.
 
Bell, R. A., & Morey, R. C. (1995). Increasing the Efficiency of Corporate Travel Management through Macro Benchmarking. Journal Travel Research, 33(3), 11-20.
 
 
 
---------- (1994). The Search for Appropriate Benchmarking Partners- a Macro Approach and Application to Corporate Travel Management. Omega, 2(5), 477-490.
 
Bjurek, H. L., Hjalmarsson, L., & Forsund, F. R. (1990). Deterministic Parametric and Nonparametric Estimation in Service Production. Journal of Econometrics, 46(21), 213-227.
 
Botti, L., Briec, W., & Cliquent, G. (2009). Plural Forms versus Franchise and Company Owned Systems: A DEA Approach of Hotel Chain Performance. Omega, 37, 566-578.
 
Bui, H. T., So, K. K. F., Kwek, A., & Rynne, J. (2017). The Impacts of Self-efficacy on Academic Performance: An Investigation of Domestic and International Undergraduate Students in Hospitality and Tourism. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 20, 47-54.
 
Chang, Y. T., Suhyung, L., & Park, H. (2017). Efficiency Analysis of Major Cruise Lines. Tourism Management, 58, 78-88.
 
Charnes, A. C., Cooper, W. W., & Rhodes, E. (1978). Measuring the Efficiency of Decision-making Units. European Journal of Operational Research, 2(6), 429-444.
 
Chiu, Y. H., & Huang, C. W. (2011). Evaluating the Optimal Occupancy Rate, Operational Efficiency, and Profitability Efficiency of Taiwan's International Tourist Hotels. The Service Industries Journal, 31, 2145-2162.
 
Chiu, Y. H., Huang, C. W., & Ma, C. M. (2011). Assessment of China Transit and Economic Efficiencies in a Modified Value Chains DEA Model. European Journal of Operational Research, 209, 95-103.
 
Chiu, Y. H., Huang, C. W., & Chen, Y. C. (2012). The R&D Value-chain Efficiency Measurement for High-tech Industries in China. Asia-Pacific Journal of Management, 29, 959-1006.
 
Chiu, Y. H., Huang, C. W., & Ting, C. T. (2011). Measuring the Repair Performance for Stricken Cultivated Land and Agricultural Efficacy in China with a Modified Two-stage DEA Model. Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research, 28, 633-649.
 
Coelli, T., Rao, P., & Battese, G. E. (2002). An Introduction to Efficiency and Productivity Analysis. Kluwer Academic Publisher USA, 6, 132-140.
 
Cohen, E., & Cohen, S. A. (2015). A Mobility Approach to Tourism from Emerging World Region. Current Issues in Tourism, 18(1), 11-43.
 
Cooper, W., Seiford, L. M. & Tone, K. (2000).  Data Envelopment Analysis: A Comprehensive Text with Models. Applications, Reference and DEA-solver, 21(3), 221-225.
 
Corne, A. (2015). Benchmarking and Tourism Efficiency in France. Tourism Management, 51, 91-95.
 
Dahmardeh, N., & Sardar Shahraki, A. (2015).  Evaluation Factors Affecting of Risk Production in Sistan Grape Growers by using Stochastic Frontier Approach. International Journal of Agricultural Management and Development (IJAMAD), 5(1), 59-64.
 
Emrouznejad, A., & Yang, G. L. (2017). A Survey and Analysis of the First 40 Years of Scholarly Literature in DEA: 1978-2016. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, XXX, 1-5.
 
Fong, L. H. N, Lee, H., Luk, Ch., & Law, R. (2014). How do Hotel and Tourism Students Select Internship Employers? A Segmentation Approach. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 15, 68-79.
 
Hruschka, H. (1986). Approach of Efficiency Brass from Experience. Management Review Quarterly, 36(2), 76-85.
 
Hsieh, L. F., & Lin, L. H. (2010). A Performance Evaluation Model for International Tourist Hotels in Taiwan: An Application of the Relation Network DEA. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29, 14-24.
 
Huang, C. W., Chen, H. Y., Ting, Ch. T. (2017). Using a Network Data Envelopment Analysis Model to Assess the Efficiency and Effectiveness of Cultural Tourism Promotion in Taiwan. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 34, 1274-1284.
 
Huang, C. W., Chiu, Y. H., Fang, W. T., & Shen, N. (2014). Assessment of Performance of Taiwan's Environmental Protection System with a Non-radial Network DEA Approach. Energy Policy, 74, 547-556.
 
Huang, C. W., Ho, F. N., & Chiu, Y. H. (2014). Measurement of Tourist Hotels' Productive Efficiency, Occupancy, and Catering Service Effectiveness Using a Two-stage DEA Model. Omega, 48, 49-59.
 
Karim, M. H., & Sardar Shahraki, A. (2019). The Economic Evaluation of Efficiency of Pomegranate Growers in Khash City. Iranian Economic Review, 23(1), 191-207.
 
Kumbhakar, S., Ghosh, S., & McGuckin, J. (1991). A Generalized Production Frontier Approach for Estimating Determinants of Inefficiency in United States Dairy Farms. Journal of Business Statistics, 9(2), 279-286.
 
Lin, C. H., Chiu, Y. H., & Huang, C. W. (2012). Assessment of Technology Gaps of Tourist Hotels in Productive and Service Process Using the Meta-frontier DEA. The Service Industries Journal, 32, 2329-2324.
 
Liu, J. S., Lu, L.Y.Y., Lu, W.M., & Lin, B. J. Y. (2013). A Survey of DEA Applications. Omega, 41(5), 893-902.
 
Mason, P. (2016). Tourism Impacts, Planning and Management. Milton Park: Routledge.
Oukilk, A., Channouf, N., & Al-Zaidi, A. (2016). Performance Evaluation of the Hotel Industry in an Emerging Tourism Destination: The Case of Oman. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 29, 60-68.
 
Pestana, B. C., Laurent, B., Nicolas, P., Elisabeth, R., Bernardin, S., & Assaf, A. G. (2011). Performance of French Destinations: Tourism Attraction Perspectives. Tourism Management, 32, 141-146.
 
Richardson, S. (2008). Undergraduate Tourism and Hospitality Student Attitudes toward a Career in the Industry: A Preliminary Investigation. Journal of Teaching & Tourism, 8(1), 23-46.
 
Sardar Shahraki, A., Dahmardeh, N., & Karbasi, A. R. (2012). Calculation of Efficiency and Returns to the Scale of Vine Producers in the Sistan Region by Data Envelopment Analysis Method. Journal of Operational Research and Its Applications (Applied Mathematics), 9(3), 77-90.
 
Sardar Shahraki, A., Aliahmadi, N., & Safdari, M. (2018). A New Approach to Evaluate the Economic Efficiency and Productivity of Agriculture Sector: The Application of Window Data Envelopment Analysis (WDEA). Environmental Energy and Economic Research, 2(3), 145-160.
 
Sardar Shahraki, A., Shahaki, J., & Hashemi Monfared, S. A. (2018). An Integrated Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Method Combined with the WEAP Model for Prioritizing Agricultural Development, Case Study: Hirmand Catchment. Ecopersia, 6(4), 205-214.
 
Saukkonen, P., Honkanen, A., & Ritola- Pesonen, U. (2013). Multidisciplinary Tourism Students in Finland; Can a Minor Subject Steer Career Development? Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 13, 260-265.
 
 
Sigala, M., Airey, D., Jones, P., & Lockwood, A. (2004). ICT Paradox Lost; a Stepwise DEA Methodology to Evaluate Technology Investments in Tourism Settings. Journal of Travel Research, 43, 180-192.
 
Shahraki, J., & Sardar Shahraki, A. (2016). Determination of Technical Efficiency of Sugar Beet Growers in Khorasan Razavi Using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA). Journal of Sugar Beet, 31(2), 111-124.
  
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report. (2017). Paving the Way for a More Sustainable and Inclusive Future. World Economic Forum, Retrieved from http://www.mcth.ir/.
 
Tourism and Hospitality Studies (Introduction to Tourism). (2013). Personal, Social and Humanities Education Section Education Bureau, Fine-tuned Version. Retrieved from http://www.mcth.ir/.
 
Wang, C. H., Lu, Y. H., Huang, C. W., & Lee, J. Y. (2013). R&D, Productivity, and Market Value: An Empirical Study from High-technology Firms. Omega, 41, 143-155.
 
Wober, K. W. (2007). Data Envelopment Analysis. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 21, 91-108.
 
Yu, M., & Lee, B. C. (2009). Efficiency and Effectiveness of Service Business: Evidence from International Tourist Hotel in Taiwan. Tourism Management, 30, 571-580.
 
Yu, M. M. (2010). Assessment of Airport Performance Using the SBM-NDEA Model. Omega, 38, 440-452.
 
Yu, M. M., & Lin, E. T. J. (2008). Efficiency and Effectiveness in Railway Performance Using a Multi-activity Network DEA Model. Omega, 36, 1005-1017.