A. Azlina, A. Economic Valuation of Borneo Orangutans at Kemaman Zoo and Recreation Park in Terengganu, Malaysia [Volume 25, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 641-653]
Abbasinejad, Hossein Calculating the Knowledge-Based Economy in 54 Selected Countries [Volume 25, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 567-585]
Abdlaziz, Rizgar AbdlkarimThe Impact of Oil Price Shocks on the Military Expenditure of Selected MENA Oil Exporting Countries: Symmetric and Asymmetric Cointegration Analysis [Volume 25, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 219-235]
Abdullahi, Sa’ada Abba Price and Income Elasticities of Domestic Petroleum Consumption in Nigeria [Volume 25, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 803-813]
Abidemi Odusanya, Ibrahim Income Distribution and Growth Process in Sub-Saharan Africa [Volume 25, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 711-726]
Aboutorabi, Mohammad Ali The Causal Relationship of Public Expenditure on Culture and Sustainable Development: The Case of the European Union [Volume 25, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 587-601]
Adam, Pasrun The Causal Relationship between Exchange Rates and Bond Yield in Indonesia [Volume 25, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 167-178]
Adekunle, Wasiu Non-linear Relation between External Debt and Economic Growth in Nigeria: Does the Investment Channel Matter? [Volume 25, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 45-56]
Adeniyi, Oluwatosin Non-linear Relation between External Debt and Economic Growth in Nigeria: Does the Investment Channel Matter? [Volume 25, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 45-56]
Adesoji Olubiyi, Ebenezer Labor Market Effects of Emigration in Nigeria: Skill-level Analysis [Volume 25, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 137-166]
Agheli, Lotfali Economic Welfare Effect of Providing Guaranteed Renewable Insurance in the Health Insurance Market of Iran [Volume 25, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 691-709]
Ahmed, Younis AliThe Impact of Oil Price Shocks on the Military Expenditure of Selected MENA Oil Exporting Countries: Symmetric and Asymmetric Cointegration Analysis [Volume 25, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 219-235]
Ajisafe, Rufus Adebayo Investigating Macroeconomic Shocks Transmission in African Countries [Volume 25, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 751-775]
Akbari Moghadam, Beitollah Optimal Monetary Policy with Heterogeneous Agents in Iran (1989-2017): A Model Based on Time Consistency Problem [Volume 25, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 535-550]
Alavi Rad, Abbas Optimal Monetary Policy with Heterogeneous Agents in Iran (1989-2017): A Model Based on Time Consistency Problem [Volume 25, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 535-550]
Ali Ahmadi, Neda The Economic Assessment of The Production and Technical Efficiency of Bakeries (Focus on Social Factor Using Stochastic Frontier Analysis) [Volume 25, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 383-395]
Amirteimoori, Alireza Weak Disposability of Input and Output in a Nonparametric Production Analysis [Volume 25, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 551-565]
A. Odusanya, Ibrahim Structural Change, Financial Development, and Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Does Evidence Support EKC for Sub-Sahara Africa? [Volume 25, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 437-451]
Asadi, Mehrad Estimating Social Discount Rate Trend in Iran [Volume 25, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 191-203]
Assari Arani, Abbas Economic Welfare Effect of Providing Guaranteed Renewable Insurance in the Health Insurance Market of Iran [Volume 25, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 691-709]
Avcı, Gürcan The Impact of Bank's Internal Governance Mechanism on Operational Loss: Evidence from Turkey [Volume 25, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 603-622]
Azadi, Abbas The Role of Governments in Iran Regional Development (Case Study: Tenth Government) [Volume 25, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 1-20]
B
Bakhshi Dastjerdi, Rasul Investigating the Effect of Financial and Monetary Policy on the Iranian Stock Market by Using DSGE Model [Volume 25, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 509-523]
Barkhordary Dorbash, Sajad Systemic Risk Calculation in the Iranian Banking System, Employing the Conditional Value-at-Risk Approach (2009-2019) [Volume 25, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 623-639]
D
Dadgar, Yadollah The Relationship between Violent Crime and Misery Index: A Specific Case in Iran [Volume 25, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 499-507]
Dahmardeh Ghaleno, Nazar Investigation of Resiliency and Efficiency of Free Zones by Using DEA [Volume 25, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 85-100]
Delangizan, Sohrab The Role of Governments in Iran Regional Development (Case Study: Tenth Government) [Volume 25, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 1-20]
Dwi Handoyo, Rossanto Revisiting Squalli-Wilson’s Measure of Trade Openness in the Context of Services Trade [Volume 25, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 727-749]
E
Eltejaei, Ebrahim External Debt and Economic Growth in Iran and Malaysia: A Smooth Transition Regression Model [Volume 25, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 323-335]
Enisan Akinlo, Anthony Income Distribution and Growth Process in Sub-Saharan Africa [Volume 25, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 711-726]
Esfahanian, Homa Formal versus Informal Labor Market Segmentation in Iran [Volume 25, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 829-848]
Evans, Olaniyi The Curious Case of Petro-Monetary Transmission Mechanism in Oil-Producing Countries: An Analysis of the Effect of Oil Price on Inflation in Nigeria [Volume 25, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 107-120]
Eyuboglu, Kemal Hidden Cointegration among Borsa Istanbul Sector Indices [Volume 25, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 337-347]
Eyuboglu, Sinem Hidden Cointegration among Borsa Istanbul Sector Indices [Volume 25, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 337-347]
F
Falahati, Ali The Role of Governments in Iran Regional Development (Case Study: Tenth Government) [Volume 25, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 1-20]
Farzin, Fatemeh Anticipation of Currency Crisis in Iran Economy with the Use of an Early Warning System [Volume 25, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 69-83]
Fattahi, Shahram Threshold Effects of Oil Revenues on Iran’s Growth Regimes: A Hybrid Threshold Markov Switching Model [Volume 25, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 279-292]
G
Ghaemi, Farzaneh Economic Welfare Effect of Providing Guaranteed Renewable Insurance in the Health Insurance Market of Iran [Volume 25, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 691-709]
Googerdchian, Ahmad Anticipation of Currency Crisis in Iran Economy with the Use of an Early Warning System [Volume 25, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 69-83]
Gul, Faid Predictability of Return in Pakistan Stock Market through the Application of the Threshold Quantile Autoregressive Models [Volume 25, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 815-828]
H
Hadiyan, Mohammad Does the Level of Education Affect the Preferences for Prioritizing Health Resources? [Volume 25, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 269-278]
Hadizadeh, Arash Analyzing Unemployment Rates Convergence across the US States: New Evidence Using Quantile Unit Root Test [Volume 25, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 453-464]
Hajamini, Mehdi Regional and Global Drivers of Iran’s Inflation: Evidence from a GVAR Model Featuring a Dominant Unit [Volume 25, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 305-321]
Hajamini, Mehdi The Causal Relationship of Public Expenditure on Culture and Sustainable Development: The Case of the European Union [Volume 25, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 587-601]
Hajian, Mohammad Hadi Investigation of Resiliency and Efficiency of Free Zones by Using DEA [Volume 25, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 85-100]
Haroon Rasheed, Muhammad Predictability of Return in Pakistan Stock Market through the Application of the Threshold Quantile Autoregressive Models [Volume 25, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 815-828]
Hashmi, Aijaz Mustafa Predictability of Return in Pakistan Stock Market through the Application of the Threshold Quantile Autoregressive Models [Volume 25, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 815-828]
Heybati, Reza Measuring Macroeconomic Uncertainty: An Application for Iran [Volume 25, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 477-498]
Hoomani Farahani, Mohammad The Effect of Inflation Threshold on Financial Development and Economic Growth: A Case Study of D-8 Countries [Volume 25, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 465-475]
Hoseiny Mehr, Seyed Hamidreza The Relationship between Violent Crime and Misery Index: A Specific Case in Iran [Volume 25, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 499-507]
I
Ibrahim, Kabiru HannafiRevisiting Squalli-Wilson’s Measure of Trade Openness in the Context of Services Trade [Volume 25, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 727-749]
Indrijawati, Aini The Causal Relationship between Exchange Rates and Bond Yield in Indonesia [Volume 25, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 167-178]
Innocent, Okwuosa Corporate Governance and Liquidity Management: Evidence from Nigerian Deposit Money Banks [Volume 25, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 791-801]
Iwegbu, Onyebuchi Foreign Direct Investment, Financial Development and Growth Convergence in ECOWAS [Volume 25, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 293-304]
J
Jabalameli, Farkhondeh Systemic Risk Calculation in the Iranian Banking System, Employing the Conditional Value-at-Risk Approach (2009-2019) [Volume 25, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 623-639]
Jahani Sayyad Noveiri, Monireh Weak Disposability of Input and Output in a Nonparametric Production Analysis [Volume 25, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 551-565]
Jouyani, Yaser Does the Level of Education Affect the Preferences for Prioritizing Health Resources? [Volume 25, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 269-278]
K
Kamaludin, Mahirah Economic Valuation of Borneo Orangutans at Kemaman Zoo and Recreation Park in Terengganu, Malaysia [Volume 25, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 641-653]
Kanour, Roya Optimal Monetary Policy with Heterogeneous Agents in Iran (1989-2017): A Model Based on Time Consistency Problem [Volume 25, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 535-550]
Karimi, Abdolrasoul The Population Aging Effect on Pattern of Export (Case of Major Trade Partners of Iran) [Volume 25, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 57-68]
Karimzadeh, Salim Inflow and Outflow of Oil Revenues: Scenarios for National Development Fund of Iran (NDFI) [Volume 25, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 655-675]
Komail Tayebi, Seyed The Choice Theory of Vehicle Currency in International Trade: An Application for Iran [Volume 25, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 419-435]
Kordrostami, Sohrab Weak Disposability of Input and Output in a Nonparametric Production Analysis [Volume 25, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 551-565]
L
Limanlı, Ömer Inequality of Opportunity in Wage: Estimation for Turkey [Volume 25, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 253-269]
M
Mahboubi, Morassa Weak Disposability of Input and Output in a Nonparametric Production Analysis [Volume 25, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 551-565]
Mehrara, Mohsen Modeling the Market Dynamics from a Behavioral Perspective [Volume 25, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 21-31]
Mirjalili, Seyed Hossein Inflow and Outflow of Oil Revenues: Scenarios for National Development Fund of Iran (NDFI) [Volume 25, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 655-675]
Mirzapour Babajan, Akbar Optimal Monetary Policy with Heterogeneous Agents in Iran (1989-2017): A Model Based on Time Consistency Problem [Volume 25, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 535-550]
Moeeni, Shahram The Impact of Iran Oil Sanctions on the Exchange Rates: An Analysis Using Google Search Index [Volume 25, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 397-417]
Mohammadi, Vahid The Impact of Iran Oil Sanctions on the Exchange Rates: An Analysis Using Google Search Index [Volume 25, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 397-417]
Mohammadpour, Reza The Effect of Inflation Threshold on Financial Development and Economic Growth: A Case Study of D-8 Countries [Volume 25, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 465-475]
Montazeri Shoorekchali, Jalal External Debt and Economic Growth in Iran and Malaysia: A Smooth Transition Regression Model [Volume 25, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 323-335]
Moradalian, Mohammadjavad The Relationship between Violent Crime and Misery Index: A Specific Case in Iran [Volume 25, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 499-507]
Mosaferi, Ali The Causal Relationship of Public Expenditure on Culture and Sustainable Development: The Case of the European Union [Volume 25, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 587-601]
M. Oshinloye, Olufemi Structural Change, Financial Development, and Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Does Evidence Support EKC for Sub-Sahara Africa? [Volume 25, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 437-451]
Motameni, Mani Fly Under the Tax Radar: Informal Sales in the Process Industries [Volume 25, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 101-106]
Mozafari Shamsi, Helen The Impact of Iran Oil Sanctions on the Exchange Rates: An Analysis Using Google Search Index [Volume 25, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 397-417]
Mozayani, Amir H.The Political Economy of Commodity Smuggling (The Case of I.R. of Iran) [Volume 25, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 121-135]
Mozayani, Amir HosseinEstimating Social Discount Rate Trend in Iran [Volume 25, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 191-203]
Mumtaz, Muhammad Zubair Predictability of Return in Pakistan Stock Market through the Application of the Threshold Quantile Autoregressive Models [Volume 25, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 815-828]
N
Najafi, Narges Formal versus Informal Labor Market Segmentation in Iran [Volume 25, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 829-848]
Najar Ghabel, Somaye The Effect of Inflation Threshold on Financial Development and Economic Growth: A Case Study of D-8 Countries [Volume 25, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 465-475]
Naseem, N.A.M. The Impact of Oil Price Shocks on the Military Expenditure of Selected MENA Oil Exporting Countries: Symmetric and Asymmetric Cointegration Analysis [Volume 25, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 219-235]
Naseri, Seyed Ali Systemic Risk Calculation in the Iranian Banking System, Employing the Conditional Value-at-Risk Approach (2009-2019) [Volume 25, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 623-639]
Nasikh, . How are the Estimation of Investment Index and Its Improvement Strategy? [Volume 25, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 349-366]
Nasirabadi, Shohreh Optimal Tax Rate of Housing Capital in Iran [Volume 25, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 33-44]
Nikensari, Sri Indah Still Gap Issues of Education, Skill and Capital to Income Inequality [Volume 25, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 205-218]
O
O. Erzurumlu, Yaman The Impact of Bank's Internal Governance Mechanism on Operational Loss: Evidence from Turkey [Volume 25, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 603-622]
Ogbuagu, Matthew Foreign Direct Investment, Financial Development and Growth Convergence in ECOWAS [Volume 25, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 293-304]
Olomola, Philip Akanni Investigating Macroeconomic Shocks Transmission in African Countries [Volume 25, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 751-775]
Orekoya, Samuel Non-linear Relation between External Debt and Economic Growth in Nigeria: Does the Investment Channel Matter? [Volume 25, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 45-56]
Osobase, Anthony Structural Change, Financial Development, and Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Does Evidence Support EKC for Sub-Sahara Africa? [Volume 25, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 437-451]
Oyelami, Lukman OyeyinkaInvestigating Macroeconomic Shocks Transmission in African Countries [Volume 25, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 751-775]
R
Radmehr, Zeynab The Economic Assessment of The Production and Technical Efficiency of Bakeries (Focus on Social Factor Using Stochastic Frontier Analysis) [Volume 25, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 383-395]
Rafay, Abdul Women Entrepreneurship and Financial Literacy: The Case of Female Borrowers in Pakistan [Volume 25, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 525-534]
Rahimi Boroujerdi, Alireza An Aesthetic View to the Relationship between Art and Economic Options or Theoretical Analysis of “Art Economics” through the “Impressionism” Perspective [Volume 25, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 179-189]
Rahmani, Abdolsamad Investigating the Effect of Financial and Monetary Policy on the Iranian Stock Market by Using DSGE Model [Volume 25, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 509-523]
Rahnama, Ali Investigation of Resiliency and Efficiency of Free Zones by Using DEA [Volume 25, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 85-100]
Rajabzadeh, Rasoul A Non-Linear Analysis of the Nature of Quota Violations in the OPEC Members; Results from a Panel Threshold Analysis [Volume 25, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 237-251]
Raki, Moloud Modeling the Market Dynamics from a Behavioral Perspective [Volume 25, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 21-31]
S
Saadat, Rahman The Population Aging Effect on Pattern of Export (Case of Major Trade Partners of Iran) [Volume 25, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 57-68]
Saadat, Rahman The Choice Theory of Vehicle Currency in International Trade: An Application for Iran [Volume 25, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 419-435]
Sadeghi, Hossein Economic Welfare Effect of Providing Guaranteed Renewable Insurance in the Health Insurance Market of Iran [Volume 25, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 691-709]
Saffari, Babak Anticipation of Currency Crisis in Iran Economy with the Use of an Early Warning System [Volume 25, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 69-83]
Sahabi, Bahram Estimating Social Discount Rate Trend in Iran [Volume 25, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 191-203]
Saibu, Olufemi MuibiForeign Direct Investment, Financial Development and Growth Convergence in ECOWAS [Volume 25, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 293-304]
Saidi, La Ode The Causal Relationship between Exchange Rates and Bond Yield in Indonesia [Volume 25, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 167-178]
Salehi, Masoud Does the Level of Education Affect the Preferences for Prioritizing Health Resources? [Volume 25, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 269-278]
Samadi, Ali Hussein Optimal Tax Rate of Housing Capital in Iran [Volume 25, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 33-44]
Samadi, Saeed Investigating the Effect of Financial and Monetary Policy on the Iranian Stock Market by Using DSGE Model [Volume 25, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 509-523]
Sani, Sabiu Bariki Price and Income Elasticities of Domestic Petroleum Consumption in Nigeria [Volume 25, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 803-813]
Santosa, Purbayu Budi Still Gap Issues of Education, Skill and Capital to Income Inequality [Volume 25, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 205-218]
Sanyaolu, Wasiu Corporate Governance and Liquidity Management: Evidence from Nigerian Deposit Money Banks [Volume 25, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 791-801]
Sardar Shahraki, Ali The Economic Assessment of The Production and Technical Efficiency of Bakeries (Focus on Social Factor Using Stochastic Frontier Analysis) [Volume 25, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 383-395]
Sari, Dyah Wulan Revisiting Squalli-Wilson’s Measure of Trade Openness in the Context of Services Trade [Volume 25, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 727-749]
Sayadi, Mohammad A Non-Linear Analysis of the Nature of Quota Violations in the OPEC Members; Results from a Panel Threshold Analysis [Volume 25, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 237-251]
Sedaghat Kalmarzi, Haniyeh Threshold Effects of Oil Revenues on Iran’s Growth Regimes: A Hybrid Threshold Markov Switching Model [Volume 25, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 279-292]
Seihani Parashkouh, Fateme Weak Disposability of Input and Output in a Nonparametric Production Analysis [Volume 25, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 551-565]
Seyyed Hosseini, Seyyed Mohammad Regional and Global Drivers of Iran’s Inflation: Evidence from a GVAR Model Featuring a Dominant Unit [Volume 25, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 305-321]
Shafieizadeh, Mina The Choice Theory of Vehicle Currency in International Trade: An Application for Iran [Volume 25, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 419-435]
Shahnazi, Rouhollah Optimal Tax Rate of Housing Capital in Iran [Volume 25, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 33-44]
Shahraki, Javad The Economic Assessment of The Production and Technical Efficiency of Bakeries (Focus on Social Factor Using Stochastic Frontier Analysis) [Volume 25, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 383-395]
Sharifi, Alimorad The Impact of Iran Oil Sanctions on the Exchange Rates: An Analysis Using Google Search Index [Volume 25, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 397-417]
Siyanbola, Tunji Corporate Governance and Liquidity Management: Evidence from Nigerian Deposit Money Banks [Volume 25, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 791-801]
Slesman, Ly The Impact of Oil Price Shocks on the Military Expenditure of Selected MENA Oil Exporting Countries: Symmetric and Asymmetric Cointegration Analysis [Volume 25, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 219-235]
Sohaili, Kiomars Threshold Effects of Oil Revenues on Iran’s Growth Regimes: A Hybrid Threshold Markov Switching Model [Volume 25, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 279-292]
Souri, Ali Does the Level of Education Affect the Preferences for Prioritizing Health Resources? [Volume 25, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 269-278]
Sugiyanto, FX Still Gap Issues of Education, Skill and Capital to Income Inequality [Volume 25, Issue 2, 2021, Pages 205-218]
Syarif, Muh. The Causal Relationship between Exchange Rates and Bond Yield in Indonesia [Volume 25, Issue 1, 2021, Pages 167-178]
T
T. Onanuga, Abayomi Structural Change, Financial Development, and Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Does Evidence Support EKC for Sub-Sahara Africa? [Volume 25, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 437-451]
T. Onanuga, Olaronke Structural Change, Financial Development, and Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Does Evidence Support EKC for Sub-Sahara Africa? [Volume 25, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 437-451]
Toyin Onanuga, Abayomi Income Distribution and Growth Process in Sub-Saharan Africa [Volume 25, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 711-726]
W
Wan Talaat, Wan Izatul Asma Economic Valuation of Borneo Orangutans at Kemaman Zoo and Recreation Park in Terengganu, Malaysia [Volume 25, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 641-653]
Widyatama, Rendra The Indonesia Policy on Television Broadcasting: A Politics and Economics Perspective [Volume 25, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 677-690]
Y
Younas, Kinza Women Entrepreneurship and Financial Literacy: The Case of Female Borrowers in Pakistan [Volume 25, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 525-534]
Z
Zahedi Khoozani, Karim Calculating the Knowledge-Based Economy in 54 Selected Countries [Volume 25, Issue 3, 2021, Pages 567-585]
Zamani, Reza The Effect of Political Instability on Economic Growth in Iran between Two Revolutions (1907-1979) [Volume 25, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 777-790]
Zsolt Polereczki, Habil The Indonesia Policy on Television Broadcasting: A Politics and Economics Perspective [Volume 25, Issue 4, 2021, Pages 677-690]